| Sieyès was born in Fréjus, Var. A member of the Roman Catholic order of the Congregation of the Oratory, he became abbot in 1774. He attended the École Normale Supérieure in Paris, then was ordained a priest in 1778. He was elected to the Estates-General of 1789 as a representative of the clergy of the bailliage of Fréjus. There he joined the growing ranks of liberals who opposed the monarchy of the Ancien Régime. In 1790 he published his pamphlet, Qu'est-ce que le Tiers état? (What is the Third Estate?), which became the manifesto of the Third Estate and urged the delegates to break away from the Estates-General and form a representative assembly. In 1791 he was elected to the Legislative Assembly. He was instrumental in drafting the French Constitution of 1793, which was ratified by the people of France in a referendum. He served as a deputy to the Convention, where he was a member of the Committee of Public Safety. He was arrested during the Thermidorian Reaction (1794) and was released in 1795. He became |
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